British passport 1814 provisional Belgian government
What you see here is an outstanding British passport issued in August 1814 by Charge d’affairs John Mordaunt Johnson at the provisional government of the Belgian provinces (then French Empire) at the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon abdicates for the first time. Wellington won the battle of Toulouse. End of Feb 1815, Napoleon escapes Elba. The Battle of Ligny, Quatre Bras, Waterloo, and Wavre were fought in June 1815, then Napoleon’s second and final abdication. The French rule ended and the Congress of Vienna, which was one of the most important international conferences in history, formed a new Europe. British passport Belgian government
The passport was issued to Henry Joyce Gentilhomme (?), a resident of England, for Calais.
John Johnson was born in Dublin around 1776. His parents both came from English families that had long settled in Ireland. He attended Trinity College, Dublin, and then Trinity College, Cambridge, but did not take a degree from either university. His father died in the spring of 1798. Johnson left Cambridge, and on 20 September 1798, he joined the 51st infantry regiment as an ensign. He bought a promotion to lieutenant in January 1799, but became bored with the lack of action and sold this position in the autumn of 1800.
After leaving the army, Johnson added “Mordaunt” to his name and spent some time traveling in Europe. He became proficient in several languages and became a friend of the Duke of Brunswick. He came back to England in the spring of 1803, then returned to Dublin, staying there until the autumn of 1804 when he returned to Europe. He spent three more years there, mainly in Germany, renewing his connections with influential people and learning about the political situation. Furthermore, he returned to England, hoping to gain a position with the government, and ran into financial difficulties. British passport Belgian government
Johnson wrote A Memoir on the Political State of Europe, intending to publish it. Prime Minister Spencer Perceval read this work, interviewed Johnson, and gave him a position in the Foreign Office as a confidential agent. He undertook several missions on the continent, at that time primarily controlled by Napoleon, who was at war with Britain. He was active in the Habsburg territories at a time when normal diplomatic relations had been suspended. Metternich considered that he was the most capable and discreet of the British agents in Germany at that time. When Sweden declared war on Britain on 17 November 1810, announcing its ports were closed to British merchants, Johnson met with Count von Rosen, who assured him that the declaration would have a little real effect on trade and Sweden had no intention of any act of hostility. British passport Belgian government
After the Treaty of Paris was signed in 1814, bringing temporary peace, Johnson was appointed chargé d’affaires at Brussels, and then was made British consul at Genoa. He was said to be “in close and friendly correspondence with the principal ministers and generals and leading public characters of almost all the states of Europe.” Johnson became infected with Tuberculosis. He traveled to Florence for the sake of his health, dying there on 10 September 1815 at the age of 39.
He was unmarried. He had purchased many rare books from the collection of the Fontecastello monastery at Monte Pulciano, in Tuscany. These went on sale after his death. This document must be one of the very few and very last passports he issued as Charge d’Affairs in Brussels. A significant record of British/Belgian diplomacy, which comes with a fully intact red seal. British passport Belgian government
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